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\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\4CHIWRITER\.TUTORIAL\, \+ \+ 1. Cursor Movement\!\, \- \- \1The Cursor keys [Left], [Right], [Up] and [Down]\. in\. the\. numeric \" keypad\. move\. the\. cursor\. one\. unit\. in\. the\. desired\. direction. [Ctrl-Left], [Ctrl-Right] move one word to\. the\. left\. and\. right. [Home] and [End] move to the beginning\. and\. end\. of\. the\. screen, with intermediate stops at\. the\. beginning\. and\. end\. of\. a\. line. [Tab] and [Shift-Tab] move the cursor\. to\. the\. next\. or\. previous tab stop. \3Try them out now!\, \1[PgUp] and [PgDn] scroll one screen up and down,\. [Ctrl-Home] and [Crtl-End] move to the beginning\. and\. end\. of\. the\. document. [Ctrl-PgUp] and [Ctrl-PgDn] move the cursor one line up\. or\. down. \3Try them now and remember to hit \1[Ctrl-Home] \3to return here!\, \1To move the cursor to the next or previous\. occurrence\. of\. a character, hit [Grey +] or [Grey -], followed by\. that\. character. For example, [Grey +]a moves the cursor to the next\. a,\. [Grey\. -] [F3]b moves the previous italic \3b\1.\, \3Use \1[PgDn] \3in the following to page through this tutorial! If you want to quit the tutorial, hit \1[Ctrl-End] \3for directions.\, \+ \+ \42. Inserting Text\!\, \- \- \1To insert text, move the cursor anywhere on the screen\. and\. start \" typing. Use the [Backspace] key to delete the character before the cursor, the [Del] key to delete the character\. under\. the\. cursor. [Ins] toggles between \2"\1Insert mode\3" \1and \2"\1Overwrite\. mode\3"\1.\. (Check the \4INS \1indicator in the status line for the current\. mode.)\. \3Move the cursor to the \4* \3on the next line and type your name!\, \.\.\.\.\.\4*\, \+ \+ 3. Font Change\!\, \- \- \110 fonts are available to you:\"\, F1: Roman F2: Symbol F3: \3Italic \1F4: \4Bold \1F5: \5Gothic\, \1F6: \6Small \1F7: Greek F8: \8Script \1F9: Math I F10: Math II\, To change the font, hit the desired function key on\. the\. left\. of the keyboard \3twice\1. Note that the \4FONT: \1indicator\. in\. the\. status line changes. If you hit the function key just \3once\1, only the next character is taken from the new font and the editor reverts to the old font. To see\. a\. font,\. type\. its\. function\. key\. and\. [Alt-H] (\2"\1Help\3"\1). \3Move the cursor to the next \4*\3, and try out the different fonts! Shift back to font 1 when you are done!\, \.\.\.\.\.\4*\,\/ \+ \+ 4. The Anatomy of a Line\,\/ \- \1Each document consists of a sequence of lines. Each line ends in a marker which is displayed at the rightmost column of\. the\. screen. There are two types of markers:\, A soft return marker \2__K \1A hard return marker \2__K\, \1Successive lines are separated by a short line segment in the last column and successive pages are separated by a long\. dotted\. line, like the one above this section.\, \+ superscripts \+ of \+ levels \+ several A line can have \!\, \- and \- subscripts. \+ \+ \45. Super- and Subscripts\, \- \- \3Move the cursor to the next \4* \3and type \1H [Down] 2 [Up] O\3!\, \- \4*\"\, \1Subscripts and superscripts can\. be\. inserted\. in\. any\. line.\. The return marker at the end of every line is at the \2"\1base\. level\3"\. \1of the line. If you move the cursor away from the base level,\. super- and subscripts can be\. inserted.\. If\. the\. cursor\. happens\. to\. be between two lines, a new level is inserted. \3Move the\. cursor\. back to the \1H O \3you just typed and insert past\. it\. \1boils\. at\. 100[Up]o \! \- 2 [Down]C\3!\"\, \+ \+ \46. Adding and Zapping Levels\!\, \- \- \1If you type a formula or a table, you will need several levels\. of \" superscripts and subscripts. [Ctrl-A] adds\. one\. level\. below\. the cursor, and [Ctrl-Z] zaps (i.e. deletes) the level containing\. the cursor. However, you cannot zap if the cursor is in the base level or between two lines. When writing a formula, it is\. usually\. best to first add an ample number of levels and later\. zap\. the\. unused ones. \4Note: \1When editing a table or formula, turn insert mode \4off! \3Move the cursor to the next \4*\3, turn insert mode off, add about\. 10 \+ \05______6 \+ \62 \+ \1-b \9+ \0r \1b -4ac \+ \3levels and copy this formula: \1x\.\.\. = \2______________\3. When you\. are \! \- \61,2 \- \12a \- \- \- \3done, turn insert mode back on! You will find the \2_ \3in font 2, the \" small \62 \3in font 6, the \9+ \3in font 9 and the characters to make\. the root sign in font 10. (This exercise is trickier\. than\. you\. might expect. Formula editing requires some practice and patience.)\, \.\.\.\.\.\4*\!\, \- \1Occasionally, you need to insert or delete characters in one level \"\/ of a formula without\. wanting\. to\. shift\. the\. other\. levels.\. \3For example, try to delete the \2P \3from the following formula:\, \+ \05______6 \+ \62 \+ \1-b \9+ \0r \1b -4ac \+ \.\.\.\.\.x\.\.\. = \2______________\3. \!\, \- \61,2 \- \12\2P\1a \- \- \- If you use the [Del] key, the contents of all\. rows\. are\. deleted. \" You need to \3unsynchronize \1the index rows by hitting\. [Ctrl-S].\. In unsynchronized mode, insertion and deletion only\. affect\. the\. row containing the cursor,\. not\. the\. entire\. line.\. \3Try\. again\. after hitting \1[Ctrl-S]:\, \+ \05______6 \+ \62 \+ \1-b \9+ \0r \1b -4ac \+ \.\.\.\.\.x\.\.\. = \2______________\3. \!\, \- \61,2 \- \12\2P\1a \- \- \- \3Hit \1[Ctrl-S] \3again to switch back\. into\. synchronized\. mode.\. \1Note \" that\. the\. \4SYNC\. \1indicator\. in\. the\. status\. line\. disappears\.\. in unsynchronized mode.\, \+ \+ \47. Word Wrap and Formatting\, \- \- \1If you type text, don't use the [Return] key to end a\. line.\. When you go past\. the\. right\. margin,\. the\. last\. word\. will\. be\. moved automatically on a new line. The old line is terminated by a\. soft return. If justification mode is on (\4JUST \1in the status line), the old line is automatically right justified. Use [Ctrl-J] to\. toggle justification mode. At the end of every paragraph, you should\. use the [Return] key to insert a hard return.\, To format a paragraph, move the cursor into its first line. and hit [Ctrl-F]. If justification mode is on, the editor\. produces\. a flush right margin by inserting soft spaces (the ones\. that\. don't look like small dots),\. otherwise\. a\. ragged\. right\. margin.\. The formatting stops at the next hard return. \3Move the cursor\. to\. the next \4* \3and follow the instructions above it!\!\, \- \"\, Write a sentence that is longer than one line to see the word wrap. Then move the cursor to the first word of this paragraph and hit \1[Ctrl-F]\3! \4*\, \+ \+ 8. Changing the Margins, Tab Stops and Spacing.\!\, \- \- \1[Ctrl-L], [Ctrl-R] change the left and right margin resp.\. to\. the \" cursor column.\. [Ctrl-T]\. toggles\. the\. tab\. stop\. at\. the\. cursor column, i.e. creates a tab stop\. if\. there\. was\. none\. before\. and \/ removes it otherwise. There is a margin\. and\. tab\. stop\. indicator below the status line. The maximum right margin\. is\. 77.\. \3Try\. out \1[Ctrl-L], [Ctrl-R] \3and \1[Ctrl-T]\3! Observe the effect on the\. status line! Be sure to reset the left margin to 1 and the\. right\. margin to 66 when you are done.\, \1The current spacing value\. determines\. the\. number\. of\. blank index rows added to each line to separate it from\. the\. next.\. The status line shows the current spacing value as \4SPAC:\1. Use\. [Alt-0] ... [Alt-9] to change it. For example, [Alt-2] switches to\. double spacing.\, \+ \+ \49. Pagination\!\, \- \- \1The program automatically computes page breaks.\. However,\. if\. you \" want to force a page break (e.g. at the end\. of\. a\. chapter),\. hit [Ctrl-P]. Hitting [Ctrl-P] again removes the page break. \3Move\. the cursor to the next \4* \3and\. hit\. \1[Ctrl-P].\. \3Hit\. \1[Ctrl-P]\. \3again\. to remove the page break!\, \.\.\.\.\.\4*\, \1Note that the hard page breaks inserted by you show\. up\. as\. solid lines across the screen whereas the soft page breaks\. computed\. by the computer are dotted. \, Sometimes you need to inhibit\. a\. page\. break\. at\. a\. certain location, e.g. directly after a section heading. [Ctrl-N]\. toggles the line containing the cursor in and out of \2"\1No page break\3" \1mode. When in \2"\1No page break\3" \1mode, a page break will\. never\. be\. placed below it by the pagination routine. This node is\. indicated\. by\. a dotted separator dash below the return marker. \, \+ \+ \410. Splitting and Merging Lines. Deleting Lines. Centering Lines.\!\, \- \- \1To split a line in two, move the cursor at\. the\. desired\. location \" and enter a hard return\. with\. the\. [Return]\. key.\. To\. merge\. two successive lines, move the cursor to\. the\. last\. column\. (use\. the [End] key!), and delete the marker using the [Del] key.\. \3Move\. the cursor to the next \4* \3and\. hit\. \1[Return].\. \3Then\. delete\. the\. newly created hard return!\, \, Split this line \4* \3and merge it back together!\, \, \1Hitting [Alt-L] deletes the line containing\. the\. cursor.\. Hitting [Ctrl-C] centers it between the margins.\, \3Delete me by hitting \1[Alt-L]\3!\, Center me by hitting \1[Ctrl-C]\3!\,\/ \+ \+ \411. Highlighting\!\,\/ \- \- \1For certain CHIWRITER commands, you have to\. specify\. a\. block\. of \" text by \3highlighting \1it. To highlight a block, move the cursor\. to the beginning of it and \3mark \1it by hitting [Alt-M]. Then move\. the cursor to the other end. The text between the marked position\. and the cursor is highlighted.\, You can cut out the highlighted text or change its\. font\. or spacing value. To change the font of each character\. in\. a\. block, highlight it and hit\. the\. associated\. font\. key [F\3n\1].\. To\. change\. the spacing, hit a spacing key [Alt-\3n\1]. \3Move\. the\. cursor\. to\. the next \4* \3and follow the instructions.\, \.\.\.\.\.\4* \3Hit \1[Alt-M]\3, move the cursor to the end and hit \1[F6].\, If you invoked highlighting by accident, hit [Esc] to cancel it.\, \+ \+ \412. Cut and Paste\!\,\/ \- \- \1To delete a block of text, move the cursor to\. the\. beginning\. and \" mark it by hitting [Alt-M]. Then move the cursor to the end of the text and hit [Alt-C] (\2"\1Cut\3"\1). The highlighted area is cut out\. and placed into a buffer. To insert the buffer contents anywhere\. into the text, move the cursor to the insert location and\. hit\. [Alt-P] (\2"\1Paste\3"\1). If you want to copy a block\. into\. the\. buffer\. without deleting it, highlight it and hit [Alt-D] (\2"\1Duplicate\3"\1).\. \3Cut\. out the first part of the sentence\. below\. and\. paste\. it\. behind\. the second part!\, \4* \1Mark here and cut until here \4* \1and paste here: \, \+ \+ \413. Search and Replace\, \- \1To search for a phrase in the document, hit [Alt-S] and enter\. the search pattern. Hit [Esc] to start the search. Subsequent\. [Alt-S] commands search for more matches until either\. no\. more\. match\. is found\. or\. the\. current\. pattern\. is\. deleted\. with\. the\.\. [Alt-F] (\2"\1Forget\3"\1) command. \3Try it out: Move the cursor\. here\. \4*\. \3and\. hit \1[Alt-S]the[Esc] \3to move the cursor to the next \1the. \, To search for a phrase and replace it with another\. one,\. use the [Alt-R] command and enter search pattern and replacement\. text when prompted.\, \+ \+ \414. The FULL Indicator\, \- \1The file you are editing is stored in\. the\. computer\. memory.\. You should save it occasionally, especially if you have problems\. with the electrical power. Also, since the memory size is limited,\. you should take care that your file fits inside. If\. you\. run\. out\. of \/ memory, the editor will\. try\. to\. save\. your\. text\. (in\. the\. file OVERFLOW.CHI) and\. terminate\. execution.\. You\. should\. avoid\. that unfriendly event by looking at the \4FULL \1indicator periodically. If it is in the 90% range, save your file! \3Check the\. \4FULL\. \3indicator now!\, \+ \+ \415. Key Sequences\, \- \1Sequences of keystrokes can be stored, given a name\. and\. replayed later by CHIWRITER.\. To\. replay\. a\. key\. sequence,\. hit\. [Ctrl-K], enter the name of the\. sequence\. and\. hit\. [Return].\. Here\. is\. an example: We programmed a key sequence that\. deletes\. the\. sentence containing the cursor, and named it DLS. \3Move the\. cursor\. to\. the next \4* \3and enter \1[Ctrl-K]DLS[Return]\3! The sentence containing\. the cursor will be deleted\1.\, Here\. is\. a\. demonstration\. of\. the\. \2"\1Delete\. Sentence\3"\.\. \1key sequence. This sentence will be automatically deleted \4*\. \1when\. the key sequence is executed.\, To record a key sequence, hit [Ctrl-D]\. (\2"\1Define\3"\1),\. enter\. a name followed by [Return], hit the keystrokes you want\. to\. record and hit [Ctrl-D] again to complete the definition. While recording is in progress, there is a \4DEF \1indicator in the status line.\, If you hit [Ctrl-K] or [Ctrl-D] by\. accident,\. hit\. [Esc]\. to cancel the command.\, \+ \+ \416. How to Print. Headers and Footers. Print Options.\!\, \- \- \1Leave edit mode by hitting [Esc]. Select the P (Print) option from \" the main menu, turn the printer on and\. select\. R\. (Regular\. print mode). This tutorial will be printed.\. You\. can\. hit\. any\. key\. to stop the printout. To return here, select ED (Edit Document)\. from the main menu. \, There are three print modes: Draft,\. Regular\. and\. Slow.\. The draft mode is intended for fast printing with\. little\. regard\. for beauty. Regular or Slow should be\. used\. for\. presentable\. output; it depends on your printer\. which\. of\. these\. two\. modes\. produces better results. \, To suppress printing\. of\. page\. numbers,\. delete\. the\. footer containing them with the\. DFA\. (\2"\1Delete\. Footer\. for\. All\. pages\3"\1) command. There are variable header and footer\. capabilities\. (e.g. different headers on even/odd pages, but suppress header\. on\. page 1); consult the manual for details. \, Look at the PO (\2"\1Print Options\3"\1)\. to\. print\. out\. part\. of\. a document or set the starting page number. \,\/ \+ \+ \416. The Current Disk/Directory\, \- \- \1To see a list of the files on the\. current\. directory, use\. the\. F command (\2"\1File Directory\3"\1). This is the equivalent\. of\. the\. DIR/W command\. in\. DOS.\. To\. change\. the\. current\. disk/directory\. which CHIWRITER uses to load and save documents,\. use\. the\. CD\. (\2"\1Change Directory\3"\1) command and enter the name of the new drive (e.g.\. B:) or the new directory (e.g. \\CHIWRITE\\LETTER).\, \+ \+ \416. How To Get Out\, \- \- \1To end the edit session and save your file, hit [Alt-Q]\. (\2"\1Quit\3"\1). Your file will be saved and the input file will\. be\. renamed\. with the extension .BAK. If you do not want to save your file\. (because you only wanted to read\. it\. or\. messed\. it\. up\. too\. much\. during editing), hit [Esc]. Either way, you\. get\. to\. the\. editor's\. main command menu. Hit Q and answer Y when asked\. whether\. you\. do\. NOT want to save your changes. \3Since you\. do\. not\. want\. to\. save\. the changes you just made to this tutorial, hit \1[Esc] Q Y \3to quit.\, \=